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Tokoh Bung Tomo di Hari Pahlawan 10 November

Name: Tokoh Bung Tomo di Hari Pahlawan 10 November
Uploaded: 2026-11-10T03:49:16Z
Description: Like, subscribe, share, and comment untuk membangun Channel Rasil TV Untuk Dukungan Donasi Dakwah Rasil TV Dapat Melalui Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) No. Rek : 722 22300 33 a/n. Yayasan Wakaf Rumah

Rasil TVDipublikasikan: 10 November 2026107 views

Like, subscribe, share, and comment untuk membangun Channel Rasil TV Untuk Dukungan Donasi Dakwah Rasil TV Dapat Melalui Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) No. Rek : 722 22300 33 a/n. Yayasan Wakaf Rumah Qur'an Silaturahim

Transkrip diambil dari YouTube. Klik timestamp biru untuk melompat ke posisi tersebut di pemutar.

Time erodes our memory of a person's
role.
Time also swallows various historical
narratives that occurred in this land.
>> History is determined by the victors.
>> For those who took part in those events
, oh my.
Figures and events that colored the
course of history become valuable
records for this country.
From various perspectives, we have
gathered them into one tapestry of
figures and events.
The acoustic notes of the song Tiger
Shark, composed by Peter Hard Genson,
flowed rhythmically after the Maghrib
adhan echoed.
For a moment, the music group from the
Hawaiian Islanders was played.
The youth of Surabaya immediately
approached the loudspeakers hanging in
the neighborhoods.
At the end of the song, a thundering
voice was heard giving a greeting.
>> Freedom!
Brothers and sisters,
the common people throughout Indonesia,
especially you, the residents of
Surabaya.
>> That call ignited the spirit of the
people of Surabaya to fight.
>> All of our brothers and sisters, we, the
Indonesian people in Surabaya, will
accept the challenge of the British army
.
And if the British army leadership in
Surabaya wants to hear the answer of the
Indonesian people, wants to hear the
answer of all Indonesians in Surabaya.
Listen to this, British soldiers.
This is our answer.
This is the answer of the people of
Surabaya.
This is the answer of the Indonesian
youth to you all.
Hey, British soldiers.
As long as the Indonesian bastions still
have red blood that fears letting the
red and white cloth be pulled down, for
as long as that, we will never surrender
to anyone.
Brothers and sisters of Surabaya, be
ready for a critical situation.
>> Sutomo, or familiarly called Bung Tomo,
was not a figure of the independence
movement nor an ideologue.
Yet his figure is always attached to the
battle of November 10, 1945, in Surabaya
.
Sutomo, who was 25 at the time, was a
young journalist working at Domei, a
news agency formed by the Japanese that
became the precursor to the Antara news
agency.
>> So my father's profession was a
journalist, and before that, he also
frequently published newspapers during
the Dutch era, which were repeatedly
shut down by the Dutch for attacking the
Dutch colonial youth.
>> In Surabaya, the Dutch people who were
members of RAPWI were headquartered and
stayed at the Hotel Yamato, or Hotel
Orange during the Dutch era, now known
as Hotel Majapahit.
Feeling emboldened, some Dutch people
under the leadership of Mr. Ploegman, on
the night of September 18th around 9:00
PM, raised the Dutch flag on the north
side of the hotel.
The next day, September 19th, the youths
of Surabaya saw it and were angry
because they felt the Dutch had insulted
Indonesia's sovereignty and clearly
intended to rule again in Indonesia.
>> Look, red, white, and blue.
>> This news quickly spread throughout
Surabaya. In a short time, Tunjungan
Street was filled with angry people.
>> Red, white, and blue, that was because
it was there, at Hotel Yamato at that
time, which is now Hotel Majapahit.
Finally, at that time, word spread, and
as the day went on, more youths gathered
to see the flag, reaching hundreds and
even thousands.
Only after there were thousands, someone
commanded to be brave.
Because we were already quite numerous
and it was impossible for them to fight
back, it turned into a burning spirit to
rebel.
We went in, went in near, even near
there, he was brandishing his revolver.
>> President Sudirman, accompanied by
youths Sidik and Haryono, immediately
met Mr. Ploegman to ask him to lower the
Dutch flag, but he refused.
Outside the hotel, the youths became
increasingly aggressive, some engaged in
fights and others climbed the flagpole.
Kusno Wibowo succeeded in lowering the
Dutch flag and tearing off the blue part
, so it became red and white and was
hoisted.
Sutomo, who was working at the Domei
news agency at the time, witnessed the
event from up close.
Three days before the flag incident on
September 16, Bung Tomo led the Republic
of Indonesia rebel ranks to seize the
Don Bosco armory, the largest arsenal
owned by Japan.
Finally, Major Harsono, the highest
officer in charge of the Don Bosco
arsenal, agreed to surrender the armory
to the Indonesian fighters represented
by Mohamad Yasin.
Thousands of weapons, mortars, grenades
, artillery, and even anti-aircraft guns
were successfully seized by the people
of Surabaya in a short time.
The people of Surabaya, who had been
starving just months ago, from that day
on held weapons and were ready to fight
.
>> On the afternoon of November 10, a
carriage of rifles was sent from Jogja.
It entered Wonokromo Station.
At night, during the Isha prayer, this
carriage was pushed from Wonokromo
Station.
It was pushed by many people together.
Why? It could not be pulled by a
locomotive. If there was a locomotive,
the sound would be heard.
They could be shot by the British, so it
was pushed until it reached Kota Station
.
At Kota Station, the fighters were
gathered. Come on, whoever is carrying a
sharpened bamboo, switch to a rifle.
Given a rifle, given bullets, and so on
.
Everything was distributed.
On the morning of November 11, when the
clashes began.
Only the people who couldn't load the
bullets, they couldn't.
Yes. The bullet is in, fire.
They were confused because they weren't
trained.
Yes. In the end, the British advanced,
so the rifles were left behind, and the
sharpened bamboos were carried again.
The Battle of Surabaya is unique, the
most unique.
Until the battle of November 10 broke
out.
The TKR involved there was led by Major
Iskak Idris. He was a man trained by
PETA back then.
His artillery troops used cannons that
belonged to the Japanese.
Seized, then used by the fighters.
The cannons were fired to retaliate
against British attacks.
Most of them actually fell in the
territory of the Indonesian fighters
themselves. True.
Wow, and what happened?
The people of Surabaya protested.
Protested.
What was Major Iskak Idris's answer?
Trained at 5:00 AM, firing cannons at
7:00 AM.
Two hours, of course, they made mistakes
. Yes.
At 10:00 PM, uh, on the night of
November 10, Bung Tomo was still giving
a speech.
Brothers, anyone among you who can
operate a cannon, please sign up.
We have cannons, but we can't operate
them.
That was November 10.
Yes.
So in October, the people of Surabaya
had already attacked the Japanese base
in Moro Krembangan.
That was an airfield.
Yes.
There, the Japanese just gave it to the
people of Surabaya.
Including 100 fighter planes.
Yes.
The Japanese fighter planes were the
most, you know, the most effective
against Allied fighter planes.
There were 100 planes there.
Please, feel free to use it.
Come November 10th, not a single one
could take flight.
Not one.
Yes.
That November 10th event, we truly had
no preparations whatsoever.
Just the determination of jihad
fisabilillah, that was all.
That is a fact.
>> Under the DPR, Sutomo formed a rebel
radio station.
In the early days, this radio station
borrowed a government-owned transmitter
.
The origins of the rebel radio were
inseparable from the help of Mustopo,
the then-head of the East Java People's
Security Agency.
Soldiers led by Mustopo succeeded in
seizing a radio transmitter from the
Japanese and donated it to Bung Tomo.
Mustopo also advised Bung Tomo to hide
the transmitter in Tegalsari to avoid
Allied tracking.
Armed with that simple transmitter, Bung
Tomo's orations officially aired on the
rebel radio on October 15, 1945.
From the headquarters at Jalan Mawar
Number 10, Surabaya, the rebel radio
broadcasted its signal.
Radio Republik Indonesia, or RRI, even
rebroadcast Bung Tomo's speeches and
spread them to major cities like Malang
, Mojokerto, Madiun, Solo, and
Yogyakarta.
>> And we are confident, brothers and
sisters, that in the end, victory will
surely fall into our hands.
Because God is always on the side of the
righteous.
Believe me, brothers and sisters, God
will protect us all.
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
.
>> Through Bung Tomo's speeches, many
youths from outside Surabaya flocked to
the city to obtain weapons and even
fight alongside the people of Surabaya.
>> Bung Tomo knew there was no other phrase
to move the nation forward except for
understanding that "Allahu Akbar."
That was the phrase chosen by Bung Tomo
, and it truly succeeded.
As stated by Ricklefs in his book, *A
History of Modern Indonesia*, Surabaya
was filled with scholars and students (
santri) from all corners of the region
gathering there.
So much so that the British were
overwhelmed facing the fighting spirit
of the santri.
Death is beautiful.
Death is not a frightening thing for the
santri; it is heavenly.
Therefore, even with only bamboo spears
, they moved forward.
If you had seen the trains full of
santri with their bamboo spears, wow,
masyaallah.
The mothers would intercept the trains
to make them stop, for what? To provide
ketupat, to provide provisions.
Basically, they sincerely gave food so
they wouldn't go hungry.
I remember very well how great the
nation's spirit was; everyone supported
the war, specifically the war for
independence, and every mother was proud
if her son died a martyr.
Like that.
Even though we cried.
>> If we look at Bung Tomo himself, he
certainly saw that potential with
endless spirit, because through his
fiery efforts, he succeeded in stirring
the people's resolve.
It was essentially a theory of agitation
and propaganda.
>> At that time, even in Makassar, when we
heard Bung Tomo, it was like, wow.
Everyone was moved, and we formed our
own ranks there. We hadn't even gone to
Java yet.
People said the Dutch were coming back,
so we fought the Dutch.
It's just that, at that time, my thought
was there were no troops yet, so we had
to form our own.
That day, July 17th, everyone flew the
flag; every house had red and white
colors, it was so joyful.
But then the Dutch entered with the
Australians, and aided by the
Australians, everything was lost again.
That's when we went into guerrilla
warfare.
From there we started.
From the south, I walked all the way to
Sumenep on foot, and even to Parepare.
We traveled across half of Sulawesi.
>> On October 25, 1945, the British
Empire's 49th Infantry Brigade,
consisting of Indian soldiers, landed in
Surabaya led by Brigadier AWS Mallaby;
they didn't come to Surabaya to fight,
but only to disarm the Japanese troops.
Upon arriving in Surabaya, Mallaby found
that the Japanese troops had already
been disarmed by the militias, the army
, and the people of Surabaya.
Mallaby and all his soldiers did not
expect to face the "Arek-arek Suroboyo"
(Surabaya youth) who were already
prepared to fight.
On October 28th at 5:00 PM, all the
people of Surabaya simultaneously
attacked the British troops 'defenses.
The rebel radio repeatedly broadcast
calls for the people to take up arms and
attack the British troops' positions
simultaneously in the afternoon.
And that very night, sporadic fighting
broke out in various places in the city
of Surabaya.
>> This was a major battle, this Surabaya
one.
Why?
The coastal cannons brought down by the
British were huge guns.
So, if these cannons were fired, a ship
would be hit—bang—cut in two and sink.
That's how massive those cannons were.
They were aimed at Surabaya.
If they fired at a building, it would
hit it and the building would collapse
immediately.
It would crumble.
So we saw these things called Panzer
Bren carriers coming down from the ships
.
Their numbers were hard to tell.
But they were large and started entering
.
And when attacking Surabaya, the British
used five generals to lead the troops.
Meaning, this was truly serious.
What they didn't calculate was the
cavalry division commander, Brigadier
General Lodewijk Simon.
He was leading the troops from an
aircraft.
"Come on, move over here," the formation
was visible from the plane.
He led from the plane because he thought
the people of Surabaya only carried
rifles and...
sharpened bamboo, spears, krises, and
various things. There was no way they
could shoot at an airplane flying that
high.
As it turned out, in the area of...
uh, Pesamun, a bit south of Surabaya,
there was an anti-aircraft...
gunner.
He was also just learning.
This was loot from the Japanese.
His name was Mr. Gombred.
When the plane passed, he fired at it.
He missed, along with his friends.
Then, when the plane passed overhead, he
fired at it again. Yes, it hit that
plane.
It fell.
And what happened? Brigadier General
Lodewijk Simon.
He died.
So, in the Battle of Surabaya, two
generals died.
First Mallaby, second Lodewijk Simon.
How could they fight back, not being
experts in war, yet be able to destroy
them?
That battle.
This is that event.
And the majority were santri (students
of Islamic boarding schools).
That is consistent across all the
testimonies from the people.
Yes.
Because the tradition of war in Surabaya
, the brawling in Surabaya, included
young children too.
In the battle of November 10th, young
children also took part.
On November 10th, we only retreated to
the South Wonokromo area on December 2nd
.
Meaning we held out against the British
for 3 weeks.
Being bombarded and so on.
The British commander, Major General
Mansergh, was even desperate.
Now, why?
He had threatened that Surabaya would
fall within 3 days.
It turned out that after 2 weeks, it
hadn't fallen; they kept fighting back,
right? Only after 3 weeks did they
retreat.
And even then, at night, they would
enter the city to conduct guerrilla
attacks.
So, the battle in Surabaya lasted 100
days, 3 months.
After that, they retreated to the
Sidoarjo area.
So that is what later became known as
Heroes 'Day.
We mention all the names of those who
were in the battle.
All this time, no one has mentioned them
.
>> During the 3 days of fighting, Mallaby's
troops were overwhelmed by the combat
capabilities of the people of Surabaya.
Mallaby's experience was quite minimal
because he was a staff officer who
worked more behind a desk.
Mallaby then asked for help from his
superior in Singapore, Lieutenant
General Sir Philip Christison, the
commander of Allied forces for Southeast
Asia.
Christison gave the order to bring
Soekarno and Hatta to Surabaya.
Through these two proclaimers,
Christison hoped the people of Surabaya
would stop the fighting.
On October 29th, around 11:30 AM, Bung
Karno, Bung Hatta, and Amir Sjarifuddin
as Minister of Information arrived at
Morokrembangan Airfield.
Towards the afternoon, a meeting between
Mallaby and the presidential entourage
was held at the Governor's Office.
Talks would continue the next day,
October 30th, between President Soekarno
and Major General Hawthorn, who had just
arrived from Jakarta.
Two important points in the agreement
were that the leaflets signed by Major
General Hawthorn were invalid, and the
British recognized the existence of the
People's Security Army and police.
Around 1 PM, the negotiations ended.
President Soekarno's entourage and
Hawthorn immediately returned to Jakarta
.
>> At that time, the atmosphere to
safeguard this republic was truly driven
by the sincerity of all its leaders.
Everyone, the people wanted to give, and
the leaders also wanted to carry out the
people's mandate.
>> Mallaby's death came as a great shock to
the British.
Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison
, commander of AFNEI (Allied Forces
Netherlands East Indies), received a
report of Mallaby's death from two of
his staff officers.
As soon as the report came in on
Wednesday, October 31, 1945, Christison
issued a threat to the Indonesian nation
.
>> Brigadier Mallaby, the NICA commander,
had his car blown up.
Who placed the bomb in Brigadier
Mallaby's car?
Sorry, it wasn't a soldier, it was a
Tebuireng santri named Harun.
>> Harun.
>> As soon as it exploded, Harun was
martyred.
President Bung Karno almost couldn't
believe that the NICA force commander,
Brigadier Mallaby, had died so quickly.
>> After Mallaby died, the British issued
an ultimatum to Surabaya and the
Indonesian nation on November 10th to
surrender Surabaya.
Being threatened only made us rise up.
When the Muslims saw the behavior of the
British and Dutch, it was jihad, jihad.
It was truly felt.
I cry when I remember it vividly.
So we saw the situation; no matter how
big, small, or old, everyone wanted to
fight.
When bombs exploded and roofs were blown
off, it didn't make people afraid, but
brave, brave, brave.
That, that was felt.
So why could God bring such a thing
about?
It was not because of the leaders, but
because of God; Allahu Akbar, Allahu
Akbar, Allahu Akbar.
So the spirit of the people was truly
that we must win, we must be independent
.
Let Surabaya be bathed in a flood of
blood, but Islam must be free.
>> Here, Ruslan Abdulgani recounts the
events of November 10, 1945, to a Dutch
journalist.
On November 9, they issued an ultimatum
.
In that ultimatum, they demanded we
surrender with hands held high and a
white flag.
What did those British people think,
that we would just surrender like that?
They specified two locations for the
surrender.
The deadline was November 9 at 6:00 PM.
If not, we will use full force from the
air, sea, and land to destroy the
Republic.
We tried to call Jakarta.
It was a dramatic situation until
finally, Foreign Minister Subarjo
answered our call.
We did not know what to do. We leave
everything entirely up to you and the
people of Surabaya.
On the morning of November 10, the first
bombs began to fall.
We defended ourselves for 21 days.
We lost more than 16,000 people, and
tens of thousands were wounded.
The entire city was evacuated.
That is why November 10 is commemorated
as Heroes' Day.
Not because of resistance against the
Dutch, but against the British.
That is what happened in Surabaya.
The atmosphere became increasingly
heated. The Republic's political leaders
sought a peaceful path through
negotiations, but were rejected by the
British.
The British were furious.
Christison refused peace.
He designed a retaliatory attack.
On November 7, the British introduced
the officer replacing Mallaby, Major
General Mansergh.
Mansergh was tasked with taking revenge
for Mallaby's death.
Mansergh openly threatened the people of
Surabaya.
If they did not surrender, the British
would deploy maximum force and destroy
Surabaya in a short time.
On that very day, November 9, 1945, they
issued an ultimatum addressed to
Governor Suryo, which was then copied
and dropped from airplanes.
Around 1:00 PM, planes began circling
over Surabaya and dropping ultimatum
pamphlets.
If they did not follow the British
demands, Surabaya would be destroyed
with full force.
>> So after we heard that ultimatum, all
the kyai concentrated all the potential
that the nation's children had, and the
kyai and santri headed to Surabaya.
And I saw it all clearly, that the kyai
were at the front, and the santri were
behind them.
>> The leaders realized that the British
were not playing around.
In simple terms, the British were far
superior to the Indonesian army and the
people.
Mohammad Hatta tried to renegotiate, but
Christison was not impressed by Hatta's
efforts.
On the other hand, the people were not
afraid of the ultimatum spread by the
British.
The fighting spirit of the people burned
even brighter.
That evening, Bung Tomo went to Kiai
Hasyim Ashari to join the jihad.
>> Kiai Hasyim Ashari
>> told Bung Tomo that what ignited the
radio broadcasts were the kyai at the
front, with their prayer beads, throwing
them at tanks until they crumbled.
Stories like this seem fictitious to
those who did not participate in the
event, but for those who were there, it
was a profound truth of certainty.
>> Hasyim Ashari, founder and leader of
Nahdlatul Ulama, had just issued an
important resolution for Muslims.
This resolution was established on
October 22, 1945.
This resolution is known as the Jihad
Resolution.
Prior to the October 22 Jihad Resolution
issued by Kiai Hasyim Ashari, on October
31, Mallaby died and the British were
cornered and unable to do anything; why
?
Surabaya was filled with kiai (Islamic
scholars) and santri (Islamic students)
.
Those santri killed Brigadier General
Mallaby.
>> After receiving the blessing of Kiai
Hasyim Ashari, Bung Tomo
immediately headed to the rebel radio
station at 10 Jalan Mawar.
At 11 PM, Bung Tomo's voice went on air
; there was no fear, the British
ultimatum was rejected by the people of
Surabaya.
>> Brothers and sisters,
In past battles, we have all shown that
the Indonesian people in Surabaya have
displayed an unbreakable defense and a
strength that has left them cornered
everywhere.
Brothers and sisters, all of us, the
Indonesian nation here in Surabaya, will
accept the challenge of the British army
, and if the British army leadership in
Surabaya wishes to hear the answer of
the Indonesian people, if they wish to
hear the answer of all Indonesian youth
here in Surabaya.
Listen, representatives of the British
army.
This is our answer, this is the answer
of the people of Surabaya, this is the
answer of the Indonesian youth to you
all.
Hey British soldiers, as long as the
bulls of Indonesia still have red blood
and can make a white cloth red and white
, then as long as that, we will never
surrender to anyone.
We show that we are truly people who
want to be free.
And for us, brothers and sisters, it is
better to be crushed to pieces than not
be free; we choose independence or death
.
Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar
.
Merdeka (Independence).
>> Long live Indonesian independence.
>> Political leaders in Jakarta fully
entrusted the fate of Surabaya to the
hands of the people of Surabaya.
>> The details of this ultimatum were
conveyed to the government in Jakarta,
but the Jakarta government was no longer
capable and stated that it was up to the
local government of Surabaya to decide
what to do.
So Mr. Subardjo, the foreign minister at
the time, also concluded that it should
be handled by Surabaya itself, in
accordance with the agreement between
Indonesian leaders and the people of
Surabaya, declaring they were not
willing to surrender to the British army
.
>> The British power to retaliate was
astonishing.
The total force deployed was 28,000
soldiers from various combat units,
almost entirely from India and Nepal.
The British used Gurkha troops.
The Gurkhas were dark-skinned men.
Well, they landed to thwart the
proclamation.
That landing occurred after the
formation of the People's Security
Agency (BKR).
>> The area around the rebel radio
headquarters did not escape the
artillery fire when Surabaya was
bombarded by British soldiers.
Bung Tomo did not stop his oration even
once.
The British thought it would only take 3
days to paralyze the city of Surabaya.
That estimate was wrong.
For 21 days, the fighters of Surabaya
put up resistance against the superior
British army.
Surabaya was finally controlled by the
British army.
>> In 1990, at that time,
the 45 th-anniversary commemoration
of the November 10 battle in 1990.
In that commemoration, the great heroes
of the November 10 battle were this
upper class.
Their names appeared.
At that time
it spread on television, newspapers, and
magazines covered it.
Nyai Solihah, Gus Dur's mother, at the
time
represented Gus Dur.
She asked
about the story of November 10th.
Those who deserved credit should have
been Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari and the kiais.
How could those who became heroes be
socialist people?
That was when Gus was asked to clarify.
Yes.
Then Gus Dur clarified by meeting with
old senior figures in the socialist
group
regarding Hero's Day on November 10th.
It turned out the answer was simple.
Yes, while laughing, they replied
that history always repeats itself, Gus
.
That history has recorded that the
ignorant are food for the clever.
The ones who did the work were the
ignorant, the ones who became heroes
were the clever.
That's normal.
Wow, Gus Dur was really angry being
treated like that.
It means that until '95, they still
considered NU ignorant, and that
none of the historical actors of the
November 10th battle wanted to
acknowledge that the fatwa and jihad
resolution ever existed.
The writings of Professor Ruslan
Abdulgani, who was involved. None
mentioned that this ever existed.
Bung Tomo, who gave the fiery speeches,
never mentioned in his books that this
fatwa and jihad resolution ever existed
.
The report written by Major General
Sungkono also did not mention that a
jihad resolution ever existed.
So all the books telling the story of
the historical event of Hero's Day do
not mention that there was an NU fatwa
and jihad resolution.
This is a fact from many aspects
that the history of ulama figures from
Islamic boarding schools
was erased.
Histories about that were all covered up
.
Yes.
So that no one would know that the
Islamic boarding schools had contributed
.
We as a nation must honor the fighters
whose names have been hidden all this
time.
How the role of Islamic boarding schools
, the role of students and kiais, in
achieving independence and safeguarding
the Republic born from the proclamation
.
>> Come on, Indonesian nation, with a
radiant spirit let's keep walking, don't
stop because whoever stops will be
dragged by history and whoever opposes
the pattern and direction of history,
regardless of color, will be ground,
crushed by that history, that is the
truth.
>> As the Indonesian nation, this nation
has very high historical awareness.
"Jasmerah"—never ever leave history—
because the Prophet also revealed
history again, the history of humanity
that people forgot, and those who forget
history are called "jahiliyah"(ignorant
) in the Quran.
How great is the value of history.
So God, in conveying His teachings
through the Prophet, included history in
those teachings.
So Bung Karno was the same, "jasmerah,"
never ever leave history.
Why?
He was an ordinary human who also
forgets, only able to remember if
reminded by history.
So history as an event is called
acting, we are actors of history in this
broadcast.
At
>> this moment it's called
If it is written down later, then
Why write it down? Well, how could the
Quran not be written down?
So we are all reminded that the past is
necessary.
And even in the afterlife, what is
questioned are our deeds in the past,
not the future.
So we are all enlightened by history.
Through history, we are not forgotten.
That is what history is for.