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0:01 We buy all that because we're pushed or 0:04 subtly coerced by advertisements, and 0:06 we have no framework, no handle on 0:09 things. We're empty inside. Yes. As we 0:14 saw earlier, one of the reasons is FOMO 0:17 , the fear of missing out. 0:20 >> So, people feel they must constantly 0:22 buy things so they don't fall behind, 0:24 even if their current items are still 0:26 good. How do you see the economy 0:28 finally relying on a market like this, 0:31 Ustaz? And producers are eventually 0:34 forced to create such needs for society 0:38 , right? So, who is actually in control 0:41 here? Is it the producer? Is it the 0:44 society? Is it the economic cycle 0:47 itself? Some people feel, "Oh, this is 0:50 growth." Like that. 0:51 >> Correct. 0:52 >> What do you think, Ustaz? When 0:53 Galbraith wrote that book, many 0:56 economists disagreed with him. 1:00 >> Right. 1:02 >> They didn't 100%recommend it or trust 1:06 that the book was sound. Yeah. 1:11 >> Yes. 1:12 >> Yes, that's their argument. Why? 1:15 Because when producers manufacture 1:17 goods, those goods are expected to be 1:20 consumed by the public. Right. 1:22 >> Through consumption, exchanges occur, 1:25 or transactions take place, which lead 1:27 to economic growth. That's fine, that's 1:30 true. But public facilities are missing 1:33 , and city parks are nonexistent. We 1:35 don't have the budget to build city 1:38 parks. We don't have the budget to 1:41 build adequate public facilities for 1:43 the existing population. We can't build 1:46 high-quality roads. We just can't. Why? 1:49 Because all resources are focused on 1:52 this. And that is exactly what is being 1:54 criticized. Actually, this book was 1:58 initially intended to give a warning to 2:01 the American government to ensure more 2:05 even income distribution. Yes, don't 2:09 just focus on consumption while 2:12 neglecting other functions. Yes, the 2:14 government doesn't build parks in the 2:16 city, right? If there are many 2:17 residents in a city, the facilities 2:19 should already be there. 2:20 >> Right. 2:21 >> Parks, libraries, and necessary 2:23 entertainment venues should exist in 2:25 sufficient numbers and good quality. 2:29 Roads, public facilities, and so on 2:30 must be available. Well, at that time, 2:33 he said, "This is inadequate." People 2:37 were so focused on consumerism that it 2:41 was said that perhaps Americans spent 2:46 more money on their pet dogs or cats 2:50 than the average American could spend 2:54 to meet their own basic needs; there 2:58 was even a sentence like that. Because 3:04 of the imbalance in terms of resources 3:07 —the resources owned by America were 3:10 focused on consumerism, but they 3:13 neglected public goods. Things like 3:18 public parks, decent road conditions, 3:21 and various other functions meant for 3:24 the public existed, but their quality 3:27 was far from what was expected. That 3:32 was the beginning. But then the case 3:34 was continued further by the second 3:37 book, namely The Joyless Society. 3:39 Joyless what? Joyless economy. 3:42 >> Joyless. 3:42 >> Yeah. 3:43 >> Joyless. 3:44 >> Oh, joyless. This 3:45 >> joy is, uh 3:47 >> yes, joyless, right? 3:48 >> Yeah, the society isn't enjoying things 3:50 , right. Not really, not enjoying it, 3:51 you know. Uh-huh. 3:54 >> Even though there are many goods pumped 3:57 into the economy, the public isn't 4:00 happy because they misinterpret what to 4:03 do when those economic goods are pumped 4:07 into the public sphere. 4:11 >> For example, 4:11 >> it was also mentioned earlier about, 4:14 you know, fake happiness. 4:16 >> Yeah. So, the basis of consumerism is 4:20 that people shop, Ustaz, to get rid of 4:24 boredom and to spark happiness. 4:27 >> Now, is it really supposed to be like 4:29 that? 4:30 >> Is this actually acting as some kind of 4:33 weapon or a key for producers? Later, 4:37 they shop and feel happy for a moment, 4:39 then they feel empty again. And then, 4:41 they have to shop again. After that, 4:43 it's just the same thing over and over, 4:45 how is that? So advertising actually 4:49 uses general psychology, right, 4:52 >> mass psychology. How, uh, new products 4:56 are packaged in such a way using 4:59 psychological touches so that people 5:01 are easily controlled, easily 5:04 understand the intention of these ads, 5:06 and finally, they want to buy them, 5:09 right? Everything now uses a 5:13 psychological touch. H 5:16 >> that's why psychology is very advanced 5:18 in this regard, on how to persuade 5:20 people to choose those goods. This is 5:24 used for goods and also for campaigns. 5:27 >> Yes. 5:28 >> Regional elections are full of mass 5:31 psychology, right? 5:32 >> Yes. 5:33 >> Now, currently, uh ads bombard people's 5:37 minds, their mindsets are bombarded so 5:39 that they are no longer confident. For 5:41 example, if we, what do you call it, 5:43 carry this cellphone, right. If it's 5:44 the case of a cellphone, 5:46 >> a cellphone released in 2023. He. 5:49 >> There's no problem, we use it, it's 5:51 totally fine, using anything is fine, 5:53 there's no problem. 5:54 >> But 5:56 >> new ads, a newer model 5:58 >> the latest version appears. 6:00 >> Yes. Then, it's as if the old '23 model 6:03 can't be used at all. That's the 6:06 impression given. Even though before, 6:07 there was no problem. 6:09 >> But they succeed in making people 6:11 confused. 6:11 >> He 6:12 >> yeah. Bombarding their mindset until 6:14 they are not confident with the items 6:16 they possess. What happens? They come 6:18 to the counter. 6:20 >> Uh-huh. 6:20 >> The counter, then buy a newer one. As 6:23 soon as we use this, a few moments 6:25 later, another new ad will appear again 6:28 . 6:29 >> It appears again and bombards these 6:31 people's mindsets, leading to that FOMO 6:33 earlier. 6:34 >> Yes. 6:35 >> Yes. Fear of missing out. 6:37 >> Missing, missing out. 6:38 >> Yes, missing out, right. Afraid of 6:41 losing out. If we don't have this, 6:44 we're not cool; if we don't have this, 6:45 we're not, what; if we don't buy this, 6:47 we're not considered, you know, 6:49 fashionable and so on. That is all 6:52 being bombarded every day, every moment 6:54 . People who follow circumstances like 6:58 this with empty hearts but have money, 7:02 that is their version of heaven. Yes, 7:07 that's why when people switch from a 7:11 last year's model phone to a current 7:14 one, they've actually been successfully 7:17 fooled, 7:20 >> successfully played by those ads and 7:23 eventually they buy everything, without 7:25 exception, whether it's cars, phones, 7:28 clothes, anything, even food and so on. 7:32 >> Exactly. So, we want to look at this 7:34 from an economic psychology perspective 7:36 now, Ustaz. 7:37 >> Yes. 7:38 >> Or psychological economics. 7:39 >> Yes. That's why there's someone who 7:42 received a Nobel Prize in what year was 7:45 it? 7:46 >> 2014 or 2016. 7:48 >> They weren't an economist. 7:49 >> Never studied economics. 7:51 >> Huh. 7:51 >> But they got the Nobel Prize in 7:53 economics for analyzing the influence 7:56 of psychology on the economy. 7:58 >> So they never took an undergraduate 8:00 degree in that field? No. Master's in 8:02 economics, no, let alone a PhD. 8:04 >> There was no linearity in their studies 8:07 . 8:07 >> They didn't have an undergraduate 8:10 degree in economics but received a 8:12 Nobel in economics for contributing 8:15 from the psychology side. 8:17 >> Now, in this case, from the 8:19 psychological side, who actually 8:22 controls our desires, Ustaz? Is it 8:25 ourselves or the market system? Now 8:28 there's social media or alg...Oh, I see 8:31 . Algorithms, Ustaz? 8:33 >> Algorithms. Yes. Yes, algorithms are 8:35 created like that. And what I mean is, 8:37 even in Galbraith's time, 8:39 >> Uh-huh. 8:40 >> It was already considered that 8:42 Galbraith's arguments weren't always 8:45 right. So, there were other economists, 8:49 many others, who disagreed with this. 8:53 Because if we follow what Galbraith 8:55 wrote in The Affluent Society, 8:57 >> Hm. Then the production of goods will 9:01 decline. Just let producers produce 9:04 whatever they want. 9:06 >> Just let the market decide later. 9:09 >> Uh-huh. 9:10 >> But the market can be controlled by 9:12 advertising. 9:13 >> Exactly. 9:14 >> It can be controlled by those 9:15 algorithms. That didn't really exist 9:16 back then, 9:17 >> in his era, but now it does. 9:19 >> It does exist, right. Even if we can't, 9:24 for example, use a phone, it can be 9:27 guided by the algorithm 9:30 >> H 9:31 >> by that assistant. It can, yes, it 9:35 shows how to do this and that. 9:37 >> Taught from one step to the next, 9:41 >> so that the person can finally use it, 9:43 and once they use it, they fall into a 9:45 trap—not a "Batman trap," 9:49 >> but in the marketing or advertising 9:51 world, they call it a marketing success 9:52 . 9:54 >> Yes, so this has become like a vicious 9:57 circle. 9:59 >> Now, the problem is, this is where we 10:01 need to be wise. 10:03 >> Because in Islam, what is there? 10:06 Teachings so that we don't consume 10:09 goods in a wasteful way, or tabzir. 10:12 >> I 10:12 >> or israf, being excessive. The focus is 10:15 there. 10:15 >> H. 10:16 >> And what we want is truly what we 10:19 really need. 10:21 >> Nowadays, a phone. No one can live 10:24 without a phone now. Whether you are a 10:27 preacher, a cleric, a president, anyone 10:28 at all, 10:29 >> even a small child. 10:30 >> Even a small child, yes. Because this 10:32 app actually helps us in one way, right 10:34 ? 10:36 >> But how do we make sure we can utilize 10:38 everything for something beneficial? 10:42 Well, that is where we need to know how 10:45 to consume an item, to buy an item. We 10:48 shouldn't just buy things carelessly 10:49 just because we want to, just because 10:51 we feel like it. It is not like that. 10:54 Because everything we do in these 10:55 transactions 10:57 >> there is a responsibility, yes. 10:59 >> Yes. Or the responsibility is that we 11:03 must remember that before we are judged 11:06 by Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, our steps 11:08 will stop in the hereafter. Our steps 11:12 will stop, 11:13 >> we cannot move forward until we answer 11:16 those three questions. The first one, 11:21 >> well, I won't tell you all of them, 11:23 just one of them. 11:25 >> From where did you obtain your wealth, 11:28 >> and on what did you spend it? Now, if 11:31 we rely on the hadith of Prophet 11:34 Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasallam, or 11:37 rather on this hadith, then this 11:39 teaching will enter our minds, and when 11:42 we see advertisements or suggestions to 11:45 buy an item, we will think first. Right 11:50 ? Suppose the item, what do you call it 11:52 ? The item is there, but the resources 11:54 aren't, so we don't need to buy things 11:56 when we don't have the money to buy 11:57 them. 11:58 >> We can still live. Now, suppose the 12:02 money is there, the item is there, we 12:05 think, is it, in terms of Sharia, are 12:09 we not, what do you call it? Can we 12:13 answer the question later in the 12:14 hereafter? How? Hmm. 12:16 >> We already have a phone, the phone is 12:18 still good, but because the 12:20 advertisement is so tempting, we want 12:22 to replace it. Now, we will think, is 12:25 it really time for us to buy this new 12:28 item? Have we prepared our answer for 12:31 when we are asked by Allah Subhanahu wa 12:33 ta'ala in the hereafter about this 12:35 matter? Yes, people will think, they 12:38 will think. Then there are others, like 12:42 age—what was your life used for, your 12:46 youth, your teenage years, what did you 12:49 use them for? Yes, that is why I said 12:52 there is only one that relates to the 12:54 economy, which is 12:56 >> from where we obtained our wealth and 12:58 on what we spent that wealth. 13:01 >> Now, this provides an anchor, provides 13:04 >> what do you call it? A personality, 13:06 values within us to not always buy what 13:10 we want even if we have the money. 13:13 >> Yes. 13:14 >> Because there will be a question of 13:15 responsibility in the hereafter. Yes. 13:18 That is 13:18 >> Islam clearly has those values, 13:21 actually. 13:22 >> Yes, those values exist 13:23 >> regarding the issue of consumerism. But 13:27 in the Islamic economic system itself, 13:31 Ustadz, looking from the theory 13:34 initiated by, uh, Galbraith, is it 13:38 Galbraith? And now, with the current 13:41 conditions. So, how do you see the 13:43 Islamic economy as a system, Ustaz? In 13:46 that book, there actually isn't any 13:48 guidance. 13:49 >> Because Galbraith is, after all, 13:50 secular, right? 13:51 >> Yes. 13:52 >> Secular and value-neutral. 13:54 >> Hm. 13:55 >> He doesn't advocate for this or that. 13:58 He only wants there to be a balance 14:02 between the goods pumped into this 14:06 economy and what? Public goods, whose 14:11 quality should be improved or whose 14:13 quantity should be increased, so that 14:15 Americans at that time could be 14:17 balanced. So, between private goods and 14:21 , let's call it, public goods—if it's 14:24 a private good, people can't really do 14:27 anything about it. For example, a rich 14:32 person in America might spend 10,000 14:36 dollars a month on their pet's budget 14:39 at home. No one can blame them as long 14:43 as they have the money, right? But how 14:47 can we curb the behavior of the wealthy 14:51 , who cannot control themselves? 14:56 Galbraith himself proposed high tax 14:58 increases. And after this book entered 15:03 American communities and universities, 15:05 it eventually reached the curriculum as 15:07 well. What does that mean? So that the 15:11 wealthy don't waste resources, which 15:15 leaves certain aspects underdeveloped, 15:18 neglected, or outdated, so they can be 15:21 improved for the better. How so? By 15:27 increasing taxes on those wealthy 15:30 people and using the proceeds to 15:33 improve public facilities, public roads 15:37 , and so on. That's all it really 15:40 amounts to. But because he is neutral 15:44 and doesn't advocate for this or that, 15:47 the book's mission stops there. But the 15:52 second one, the "joyless economy," is 15:55 even more severe. It is more profound. 15:57 In my opinion, the study is very...the 16:00 study isn't like Galbraith's. The study 16:05 shows that no matter how much needs are 16:08 engineered, and the goods used to meet 16:12 those needs are engineered, no matter 16:16 how much flows into the economy, it 16:19 won't make people happy. 16:22 >> Hm. 16:23 >> Yes, exactly. If people keep consuming 16:26 one thing after another, it is solely 16:29 because they are empty inside. Yes, 16:33 empty. When someone is empty inside, 16:36 they are easily influenced by 16:39 advertisements, easily swayed by ad 16:41 suggestions, whether through radio, TV, 16:44 or mass media. And that is what happens 16:47 . Tibor Scitovsky's conclusion about 16:50 the "joyless economy" is actually 16:52 correct. Yes, he wanted to portray how 16:56 America is empty, 16:57 >> advanced in terms of material wealth, 17:00 but spiritually empty. Americans have 17:03 felt that way for a long time. So, the 17:06 phenomenon now is, what is the result? 17:08 People are flocking to embrace Islam, 17:11 and why? Because they are spiritually 17:12 empty. that all this time he has only 17:16 been spinning around the world, gaining 17:19 nothing, moving from one emptiness to 17:21 another, from one spiritual enslavement 17:24 to another. And in the end, this world 17:29 can never provide happiness. That was 17:33 captured by the Persekit team around 17:35 '76, the book first came out in '76, I 17:37 have it. 17:38 >> Heh. 17:39 >> Because I like those kinds of books, I 17:41 >> really do. Alright, brothers and 17:44 sisters. You are currently listening to 17:47 a live Islamic economic study with 17:50 Ustaz Yohan Basri. We are discussing 17:53 the topic of the consumerism trap. What 17:55 is the Islamic economic perspective? 17:58 And we invite you, brothers and sisters 18:00 , to join us. Please send your 18:02 questions or comments to the Rasil 18:04 WhatsApp number at 0811999720. We will 18:11 return in the second session, brothers 18:13 and sisters, to answer the questions 18:14 that have come in. Stay with us. how 18:23 long Radio Silaturahim and Rasil TV for 21:21 a united Islam. Brothers and sisters 21:22 who are blessed by Allah subhanahu wa 21:23 ta'ala. Thank you for staying with us 21:26 in this Islamic economic study, and we 21:29 would like to greet Ibu Ani C Hudzaifah 21:31 who is listening to the broadcast this 21:33 afternoon. Peace be upon you, and 21:36 Allah's mercy and blessings. Mr. Ustaz, 21:37 peace be upon you too. 21:39 >> Alhamdulillah, I am here listening to 21:41 the Islamic economic study on Rasil 720 21:43 AM. God willing, the Ustaz and the 21:46 Rasil crew are in good health. 21:49 Meanwhile, there is Mr. Muhammad. Peace 21:51 be upon you, and Allah's mercy and 21:52 blessings. 21:53 >> And unto you peace, 21:54 >> Ustaz. What is worse is when a person 21:56 is poor but has many wants. Especially 22:00 when exemplified by wealthy people who 22:02 show off, what is now called "flexing," 22:04 Ustaz. So it is not just because of 22:06 advertisements, but also jealousy. And 22:09 there is also status envy and class 22:11 envy here. What is your opinion, Ustaz? 22:15 Okay. Yes, that has also been, it has 22:20 been studied in economics for a very 22:23 long time. Before the year 1900, if I 22:26 recall, there was the bandwagon effect, 22:30 Veblen effect. That term actually 22:33 existed in the early years of 1900, the 22:37 early 20th century, it was already 22:39 there. If calculated, the study of it 22:41 has been around for over 100 years. So 22:45 it is known as the Veblen effect or 22:47 bandwagon effect in economics. People 22:51 buy an item not because of need, but 22:53 because they see their neighbors buying 22:56 >> what is it, buying a new TV, and they 22:59 get jealous. 23:00 >> That also happens in America and this 23:02 is the case there, 23:04 >> wanting to show off, wanting to show 23:07 the public that they have this and that 23:09 . Are these people who are, what should 23:12 I call it? People experiencing an inner 23:16 emptiness, actually. Experiencing inner 23:20 emptiness because they view things as 23:23 valuable in that way. That if I, for 23:26 example, can buy a 42-inch Android TV 23:29 or whatever size, 23:31 >> then my status increases, like that. 23:35 >> And so on. Now, this is like what was 23:37 mentioned earlier, FOMO as well. 23:39 >> Hm. Yes, fear of missing out. they are 23:44 afraid of not getting this, they are 23:46 afraid of, uh, uh, not being part of 23:48 the group, afraid or worried that they 23:51 won't be seen as a cool person. 23:55 >> And actually, all of this, whatever the 23:57 motive, if it's like that, it shows 23:59 their soul is empty, yes, their soul is 24:01 empty. If the soul is empty, then it 24:04 can be filled by things that are 24:05 materialistic. That is why what is 24:09 being attacked here, where Islam 24:10 provides a solution, is the mindset. It 24:14 needs to be changed, that. 24:17 >> what you call it, we have our own 24:20 concepts, not engineered ones, but real 24:23 , essential desires that we must 24:25 fulfill, because without fulfilling 24:27 those desires, it is very difficult to 24:30 live life in this world. Now, if that's 24:35 the case, then we, uh, must buy, we 24:38 must buy in the sense of reducing, you 24:41 know, our life difficulties when living 24:43 our lives. 24:45 >> For example, right now, yes. 24:47 >> it's common to have a mobile phone, and 24:49 then we, we don't want a mobile phone 24:51 because the phone is, for instance, 24:53 perceived. 24:54 >> as very worldly, dangerous for people, 24:56 so they don't want to use a phone, use 24:57 a phone. it's difficult, you know, for 25:00 people like that, how will others, 25:01 their children, their wives contact 25:03 them? H 25:04 >> right, in this day and age. And when 25:07 they want to contact them, where else 25:09 are they going to go, are they going to 25:10 go to a public phone booth? Public 25:12 phone booths don't exist anymore. They 25:15 are already what? There are no public 25:18 phone booths now, right. 25:19 >> None. 25:20 >> None. Every person has one. So, if 25:23 there are people who, for example, want 25:25 to say that a mobile phone is not a 25:27 basic necessity, no, they can also live 25:30 , uh, without a phone. Yes, it is very 25:33 difficult if a person acts like that. 25:35 Yes, like I said earlier, uh, he 25:37 himself will have great difficulty 25:39 contacting his wife and children. 25:42 Likewise, if his wife and children want 25:43 to contact him, it is very difficult, 25:45 right. Because this problem shouldn't 25:48 have to be something that is contested. 25:51 Uh, if an object provides comfort to 25:55 our lives, there's no problem in buying 25:59 it. Yes, that is as a necessity. But 26:02 don't let us do it in such a way that 26:05 we consider it as a value. If a mobile 26:09 phone is just ordinary because we need 26:11 it, or a watch, for instance, we need 26:13 it to show the time or as an accessory 26:15 so we look better, that's no problem. 26:18 But if we make the watch or the phone a 26:21 status symbol. 26:23 >> a status symbol is a place where we put 26:26 our personal value, where we, uh, are 26:28 considered great because of the things 26:30 we own. Then Islam does not teach that, 26:34 yes. Islam teaches that if we need an 26:37 object, just buy it, as long as it has 26:39 benefits. We don't need to buy things 26:42 because our neighbors are buying them. 26:45 We don't need to see things, uh, buy 26:46 things because our friends are buying 26:48 them. That is how we experience what is 26:51 called a spiritual emptiness, and 26:53 unfortunately, as you said earlier, the 26:55 condition is poor, Ustaz. 26:57 >> Well, that poverty is because of 26:59 advertisements, yes. Because of 27:00 advertisements present or people 27:01 wanting to follow trends, it makes them 27:03 do that. That is also not allowed. 27:06 Especially for people who don't have 27:08 the resources to buy; they are poor. 27:10 >> Yes, this is very dangerous. Therefore, 27:14 if people make purchases or consume 27:16 like this, it endangers themselves. Not 27:21 only endangering themselves, but also 27:23 their wives and children. If someone is 27:26 already married, if not, they endanger 27:29 their own family, their father, their 27:32 mother. They force a lifestyle they 27:35 don't have the money for. In the end, 27:37 they have no choice but to use online 27:39 loans. 27:40 >> So, in the end, there are parties 27:41 taking advantage of this, Ustaz. 27:42 >> Yes. 27:43 >> Finally, there are online loans. 27:44 >> Yes. Online loans, yes, 27:47 >> facilitate people who don't have money 27:49 to have it so they can buy. But in turn 27:52 , that will make 27:53 >> it a trap as well. Trapping them, which 27:56 ultimately leads to prison because they 27:58 cannot pay, and eventually, their 28:00 families get dragged into it, you see. 28:04 >> Embarrassing their parents, shaming 28:06 their father and mother and their 28:08 family in general in the place where 28:10 they live 28:12 >> they then become a disgrace to the 28:14 community. That is why we must not get 28:18 trapped, right? We must not get trapped 28:22 . But so that we are not trapped, we 28:25 must have an anchor, must have values 28:28 where those values are not material. Y 28:32 >> yes, there is Eyang Sri. Peace be upon 28:35 you, and Allah's mercy and blessings. 28:36 >> Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy 28:38 and blessings. 28:38 >> Ustaz, may you always be in the grace 28:40 and pleasure of Allah Subhanahu wa 28:42 ta'ala. Could you elaborate again, 28:45 Ustaz. What exactly is considered a 28:49 devil's trap or a vicious cycle? In 28:54 Islam, it seems like these people are 28:57 following their base desires. Please 29:01 explain, Ustaz. Thank you. 29:02 >> Yes. We see this circle from two sides, 29:09 yes. One side is production and one is 29:13 consumption, or you could say one 29:15 producer, one consumer. 29:20 >> Producers want to produce goods that 29:23 they think will be, what do you call it 29:25 ? Consumed by people, by consumers. If 29:31 they are not sure they can meet their 29:33 targets, they use psychology services, 29:36 advertisements, and so on. To tell the 29:42 public, their consumers, that the goods 29:45 they produce are essential. 29:48 >> H 29:49 >> Very useful. Even though in reality, 29:53 it's not, what do you call it, not 29:57 essential. Meaning we can actually live 30:00 without it. But a producer will make 30:04 any item in such a way that people see 30:07 the item created as useful to them, and 30:10 eventually they buy it. Now, that is 30:14 actually, what do you call it, 30:17 limitless. Now, when this item, let's 30:21 say an item that is already in, what do 30:24 you call it, in the market, and we 30:26 don't need to buy things like that 30:29 anymore. But a producer knows the 30:32 loophole on how they will produce. 30:35 >> So they produce goods, then use 30:37 facilities of general psychology, mass 30:39 psychology, by using advertisements. We 30:42 all use psychology, which essentially 30:44 is about how to persuade people to make 30:46 a purchase, right? Yeah. 30:48 >> Eventually, the consumer buys it. Now, 30:51 some of these consumers have the money, 30:53 while some do not. 30:54 >> Yeah. 30:54 >> Those who don't have the money use 30:56 credit, or online loans, and so on. 30:59 Because the urge to buy the item is so 31:01 strong, even if they don't have money, 31:02 there are online loan facilities. So, 31:04 those online loans become popular. Then 31:07 a transaction occurs. Now, when there 31:10 are many transactions because people 31:12 keep buying, the manufacturer increases 31:15 their productivity. Uh. 31:18 >> They increase their products because, 31:20 statistically, they have many fans, and 31:22 eventually there is a certain amount of 31:24 growth, so they push again, saying we 31:25 will increase this product next year. 31:29 That is a vicious cycle between the 31:30 buyer and the producer. 31:32 >> Producer. 31:32 >> Yes, if it weren't a vicious cycle, if 31:35 the product were halal, if the product 31:37 didn't cause harm, maybe there wouldn't 31:40 be a problem, but if the product is 31:43 actually just nonsense, useless, yet 31:45 still perceived as useful, then that 31:48 becomes a vicious cycle. 31:51 >> So it ends up producing trash items 31:54 consumed by trash consumers, then the 31:57 number of consumers increases. So, like 32:01 it or not, the producer will continue 32:03 to produce trash, which is then 32:05 accepted by society and continues to 32:08 increase. 32:10 >> There is growth every year, so the 32:11 production cannot be stopped. Uh. 32:13 >> Yes. That is the circle we meant 32:15 earlier. Alright, the last question, 32:19 Ustaz, this is from Pak Abu in Bogor. 32:22 Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy 32:24 and blessings. 32:24 >> Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy 32:25 and blessings. Ustaz, usually what is 32:28 felt after buying an expensive item is 32:31 indeed pride, Ustaz, and also happiness 32:34 , but it doesn't last long. It 32:37 disappears very quickly. How, Ustaz, 32:40 can we live more calmly and be happier 32:43 when we see goods or advertisements 32:46 passing before us? Who should be held 32:50 responsible here regarding our country, 32:53 Ustaz? Yes, even the officials 'affairs 32:56 are just worldly matters and luxury 32:59 goods issues. Thank you. 33:01 >> Yes. 33:04 >> An item, even if it is expensive, will 33:08 quickly become what? Obsolete. Nowadays 33:13 , if we lived in the 60s or 50s, it 33:17 didn't become obsolete as fast. 33:21 >> Uh-huh. In the 60s, we had a bicycle, 33:24 an old-fashioned one. 33:26 >> Uh-huh. 33:27 >> Yes, we used it every day, one house 33:30 only had one. Sometimes Dad used it, 33:33 and we, as students, would walk. 33:36 >> I felt that way, and for decades, until 33:39 we were adults, 33:41 >> the value of that bicycle never faded. 33:43 Right? Now, it's different from today 33:46 because there are so many goods now. 33:48 >> Yes. 33:48 >> Yes, bicycles already have all kinds of 33:51 models. The model like we had back then 33:54 doesn't even exist anymore in the 70s. 33:57 >> Then, afterwards, now, 33:58 >> in the past, for example, just being 34:01 able to install a landline phone was 34:03 already a luxury. 34:04 >> Uh-huh. 34:05 >> Yes, that era has passed, replaced by 34:07 mobile phones that we carry everywhere. 34:10 >> Yes. 34:12 >> And then back in 2000, for example, we 34:14 had mobile phones that were just black 34:16 and white, what were they called? 34:18 Monochrome, right. 34:19 >> Yes, the big ones. 34:20 >> Yes, monochrome. The colors weren't 34:21 full color, just black and white, right 34:23 ? 34:23 >> It was extraordinary even though at 34:25 that time 34:27 >> SMS was one character or more, right? 34:31 We still pushed ourselves to use it. 34:33 Well, back then it lasted a while 34:34 because the capital wasn't there, the 34:35 new models hadn't arrived yet. Now, 34:37 every day there's a new model. What 34:40 does that cause? Even expensive items 34:42 quickly become obsolete. 34:44 >> Yes. 34:44 >> Quickly obsolete, indeed. What you said 34:47 is true. So, the obsolescence of an 34:51 item will cause boredom for the user, 34:53 and that boredom with an item means it 34:56 gets replaced with another one very 34:58 quickly. What does that mean? This 35:02 emptiness of the human soul, migrating 35:04 from one inner void to another, is very 35:06 rapid now. Now it can be counted in 35:09 days. Yes, in the old days it wasn't 35:11 like that. In the old days, it took a 35:12 very long time, years, right? Now, 35:15 because of the speed of technology, 35:18 items we buy, even if expensive, soon 35:21 feel obsolete if a person only relies 35:24 on material things. So, how do we keep 35:27 from being lulled by advertisements, 35:30 not lulled by items that we think 35:32 become quickly obsolete? We should look 35:35 at buying items based on their function 35:37 . So, for example, if we buy a phone, a 35:41 TV, or a fridge, we look at its 35:42 function. Yes, we don't look at the 35:45 brand or anything else, but what we 35:47 look at is its function. Does it work? 35:51 If, for example, my phone is still 35:53 working well, then why should we buy a 35:55 new one? There is no, what do you call 36:00 it, no pressure, no sin if we keep 36:03 using the old one. The same applies to 36:06 a fridge, or a TV. As long as what we 36:10 buy is for the purpose of getting 36:12 benefits from that item, then as long 36:14 as it continues to function as that 36:16 item, it will remain valuable and we 36:19 will not be swayed by new 36:20 advertisements. That's it. 36:24 >> Alright, Ustaz, that is the last 36:26 question we can answer on this occasion 36:28 . There is also Ibu Lise who is 36:31 listening to the broadcast, listening 36:33 to the Islamic economy broadcast this 36:35 time. Ustaz, as a closing for our 36:38 entire discussion, what would you like 36:41 to remind the listeners again, Ustaz? 36:44 >> Yes, thank you Masangga, to the viewers 36:46 of Rasil TV and the listeners of Radio 36:48 Silaturahim who are blessed by Allah 36:50 subhanahu wa ta'ala. So, the items that 36:53 enter our space can be categorized into 36:57 two. The first is essential goods or 37:01 essential needs that we will buy 37:03 because we see there is a benefit, 37:05 there is a need we have for it. And and 37:10 the nature of that is, what do you call 37:13 it? Its nature is that, whether it is 37:15 advertised by people or not, we will 37:18 still buy it. Because we actually use 37:21 those items. Like when we buy rice, we 37:24 have to buy rice, cooking oil, flour, 37:27 and so on, because they are essential. 37:31 We will buy those things even without 37:32 advertisements. But the characteristic 37:36 of items pushed onto us, which we call 37:40 engineered goods or fabricated desires, 37:45 is that they are mostly driven by 37:48 advertising. So that when we, what 37:52 should I call it? When the ad 37:53 disappears, the item also disappears. 37:55 Yes. 37:56 >> But if the ad disappears, the item is 37:58 still needed, like rice. We buy it even 38:01 without ads, right? We buy soap because 38:04 we need it, don't we? But if we only 38:07 feel we need those items because they 38:10 are advertised, then when the ad is 38:12 gone, we don't need the item anymore. 38:15 Now, that usually falls into the 38:18 category of engineered goods or 38:21 manufactured needs. So we are made to 38:25 feel as if we need those things when we 38:27 actually don't need them at all, and we 38:29 can live comfortably without them. But 38:33 through ads, promotions, and various 38:36 tricks from producers, we get swayed 38:39 and end up buying things we don't 38:42 actually need and could easily live 38:46 without. Yes, that's what's called an 38:50 engineered good, a manufactured item. 38:52 It survives on ads, survives on promos, 38:54 and so on. But if an item is truly 38:57 essential for our needs, we will buy it 38:59 even without any advertising. Yes, I 39:03 think that is an easy way to educate 39:06 the public. Alright, Ustaz. That 39:11 concludes our study on Islamic 39:12 economics with our teacher, Ustaz 39:14 Ikhwan Basri, may Allah Subhanahu wa 39:15 Ta'ala bless all brothers and sisters. 39:18 Hopefully, what he has shared is 39:20 beneficial for us all. Thank you very 39:22 much for joining us. We are signing off 39:24 from the studio. We apologize for any 39:26 mistakes in our words. Billahi taufik 39:28 wal hidayah. Subhanakallahumma 39:30 wabihamdika ashadu alla ilaha illa anta 39:32 astagfiruka wa atubu ilaik. Assalamu 39:34 alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. 39:36 >> Waalaikumsalam. 
